Aim: Chitosan-dialdehyde cellulose/DAC-based INJECTABLE hydrogel for controlled release of Metformin. Materials and Methods: Biomaterial-based INJECTABLE hydrogel was prepared by incorporating chitosan and dialdehyde cellulose. Dialdehyde cellulose (A cross-linker) was prepared by periodate oxidation method. The antidiabetic agent metformin was easily mixed with the chitosan and dialdehyde cellulose cross-linked solution, for the controlled drug delivery applications. The prepared INJECTABLE hydrogel showed the shear thinning property. Results: IR spectra confirmed the presence of cross-linked network between chitosan and dialdehyde cellulose. The physical appearance, injectability, pH, sol– gel phase transition, drug content, DSC, FTIR, and SEM studies were investigated. DSC and SEM studies revealed the degradation pattern and the topographical nature of prepared INJECTABLE hydrogel, respectively. The %drug release of metformin was found to be 87. 25% prolonged for 84 h. The drug release patternrevealed the effective controlled drug delivery of metformin as compared to marketed tablet formulation. Conclusion: The study suggested that the controlled drug delivery SYSTEM can be incorporated into the INJECTABLE hydrogel SYSTEM; it would be more potential as compared to conventional controlled drug delivery SYSTEM and preformed hydrogel SYSTEM.

India was the first country in the world to launch a family planning programme, as early as 1952, with the main aim of controlling its population. India’ s population has already reached 1. 26 billion and considering the high decadal growth rate of 17. 64, the country’ s population is slated to surpass that of China by 2028. [1] Over the years national family planning programme too has evolved with a shift in focus from merely population control to more critical issues of saving the lives and improving the health of mothers and children through use of reversible spacing methods leading to reduction in unwanted, closely spaced and mistimed pregnancies and thus avoiding pregnancies with higher risks and chances of unsafe abortions. . . .

Anovel physically cross-linked, INJECTABLE poly (N-acryloylglycine) (PNAG) hydrogel was synthesized based on glycine. The molecular structures of the corresponding monomer and polymer have been confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR measurements. The sol-gel transition behaviours of PNAG in its aqueous solution were evaluated using test tube-inversion method, as a function of PNAG concentration, pH and ionic strength. PNAG showed a remarkable injectability originating from the H-bonding interaction among amide and carboxyl groups in PNAG chains and water molecules. The swelling behaviours of hydrogel PNAG were SYSTEMatically investigated at different temperatures and PNAG concentrations. It was found that the PNAG hydrogel demonstrates distinct temperature responsive nature. Using caffeine as a model drug, in vitro drug release behaviour showed that the release rate of caffeine from PNAG hydrogel apparently dropped as PNAG concentration of the SYSTEM was increased, while the temperature and pH decreased. The amount of caffeine released from PNAG hydrogel, within 120 min, was 69% at room temperature, whereas 88% caffeine was diffused into the medium at 37°C. In addition, PNAG has shown a certain degree of degradability at pH 2.2 of phosphate buffered saline. In this respect, PNAG hydrogel seems to become a promising INJECTABLE material in the biomedical field due to its injectability and degradability potentials.

One of the challenges in tissue engineering is polymer material selection and design of a suitable structure for hydrogels. In this study, N-isopropylacrylamide/Acrylic acid/N-Acryloxysuccinicimide/2Hydroxyethyl methacrylate-poly lactide hydrogel )NIPAAm/AAC/NAS/HEMAPLA( was prepared with various molar ratio by ring-opening polymerization method to fabricate hydrogel substrate with properties of injectability, thermosensitive, physical and mechanical similar of soft tissues. The hydrogel with the ratio of 80/5/5/10 was selected as ideal groups )group 1(. Methylcellulose was also used in the hydrogel structure to improve quality of the hydrogel )group 4(. Then, the physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of the hydrogels were evaluated. The results showed, molar ratio of polymers not only plays an important role in enhancing hydrophilicity, porosity, elastic modulus-like soft tissues, and cell proliferation, but also the presence of methyl cellulose lead to the improvement of the mentioned properties. So that, hydrogels of groups 1 and 4 provide an ideal environment for improving cellular activities due to hydrophilicity of more than 51%, elastic modulus-like cardiac tissues )68. 1 kPa and 79. 22 kPa, respectively(, biocompatibility above 90%, with compared to other groups. It seems that the mentioned hydrogels )1 and 4 groups( can imitate soft tissue properties such as cardiac and be effective to regenerate and repair. In the other hand, these thermosensitive and inject ability hydrogels lead to a uniform mixing of cells and growth factors, as well as can apply to the cell therapy of soft tissue.